The Advantages and Disadvantages of David Cameron's Big Society

When David Cameron became the 14th British Prime Minister since 1946, he entered number 10 Downing Street with two real problems- a government in debt, and an economy in decline. One solution has been a much publicized, and sometimes ridiculed concept of a "Big Society." What are the advantages and disadvantages of creating a Big Society?

What is a Big Society?

Local state run services are transferred into the hands of community groups and organizations, who effectively take over the existing government run service. Funding is made through a new bank, partly financed by funds left in dormant and expired bank accounts. According to the architect of this plan- David Cameron- communities can take over running local transport routes, public libraries, schools and a whole range of other services.

The Advantages and Disadvantages of David Cameron's Big Society

Four Main Advantages of a Big Society?

1. Many citizens feel that some state run services are inefficient, and badly organized. Transferring these services to local groups and charities, could make them more democratic,

2. Technically people can form a community, and volunteer to run these services which could range from taking over a rural bus service to running a school.- creating independence within a community- instead of dependency on the state.

3. Charities are also "tax free," which means all funding is excluded from state taxation, and any profits can in theory be funneled back into improving the service, based on the needs of the community.

4. The government may save billions, which could be used to pay back a wide range of creditors, and funnel excess funds into improving the services it still runs. The community win, because they get a chance to provide a service they want- without any governmental interference.

What are the Disadvantages of a Big Society?

1. One main disadvantage is that funding may depend on how wealthy the community is who take over the existing bus route or library, and how willing people are to volunteer to help run these services.

2. The UK has had no recent history of mass volunteerism, and many communities are actually a mixture of new arrivals, migrant workers and short-term residents. Accustomed to a welfare state, and needing to earn money in one of the World's most expensive countries- many people may not have the time to volunteer.

3. Free market economies emphasize on self reliance, rather than community reliance. A paradox where volunteerism is needed to keep some services running, but at the same time these they could remain in competition with private business- who profit from running a similar service.

4. Some people believe the UK is a broken society. And in many instances the concept of community may not exist in the traditional sense. "Big Society" on a village level may work, but would it work in an inner-city housing estate?

Past Examples and Probable Solutions

Germany faced similar problems the UK faces between 2000 and 2007. The nation had accumulated debts through its generous social system, whilst its economy was stagnant, and over 35% of the population received some type of payment from the state. The German government had either to cut back or raise taxes.

A defacto form of "Big Society" materialized after sharp cuts in unemployment benefits, and an implementation of a means tested benefit system. The unemployed had to work for an extra 1 euro an hour, on community schemes which were often the former jobs of government employees.

Unemployed Germans "volunteered" to sweep their streets, and maintain dilapidated public buildings and parks for 20 hours a week in order to receive a decreased benefits.

Perhaps the German example could help communities and charities find the people to run the services they are encouraged to take over- from the ranks of the unemployed. This in turn could give people valuable work experience, and help them train for a suitable job.

However their is a flip-side to the German example- Many middle income Germans saved more and spent less, whilst the unemployed opted to work in a low paid job, rather than face remaining on benefits. The Government saved billions of euros, but still raised indirect taxes- and in 2008 took on more debt by bailing out failed German banks.

Another solution is to increase the retirement age, and whoever is unemployed and close to retirement, could assist in running these services, and In some cases train other volunteers- in return for the benefits they receive plus an extra stipend from the charity.

Big society has advantages and disadvantages. Much depends on how the public is encouraged to volunteer, and how these community organizations are initially financed. The big question is whether a society accustomed to a social safety net, could change, and embrace an idea which has already created a very cynical response.

The Advantages and Disadvantages of David Cameron's Big Society
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The African Elephant

The African elephant is a majestic creature that stands approximately 10-13 feet tall and weighs between 5.5 and 7 tons. The adult male is larger than the adult female and the average length of an African elephant is 19 to 24 feet, which includes the tip of the trunk to the tip of the tail. The elephant has ears that are shaped like flaps and are used as fans to cool the body. The toes are cushioned with fibrous tissue that helps to protect the elephant's toe bones from being injured. Both male and female elephants have tusks.

Habitat

Elephants are able to adapt well and can survive in the forest, bush, or savannah areas. They are migratory animals with a home range of approximately 500 feet and older elephants teach younger elephants their migrating patterns. Because of logging and other industrial activities, the natural habitat for African elephants has gotten smaller in size. Many African elephants now make their home in nature parks or zoos.

The African Elephant

Nourishment

Elephants have huge bodies and must eat well to build enough energy to migrate, find food, and survive in the wild. They eat anywhere from 100 to 1,000 pounds of food each day to keep their bodies fueled. However, their bodies cannot digest food very well. Approximately 40% of what an elephant eats is digested; the other 60% is excreted from the body. African elephants eat vegetation that includes grasses, shrubs, and other greenery found in the wild. When elephants are feeding, they often knock down or uproot trees, so they are known as destructive eaters.

Elephant Social Behavior

African elephants live in maternal societies led by the matriarch of the group. Approximately 8-15 elephants travel together at a time. Males leave the group when they reach puberty, but females continue to travel together. Related societies often travel together and communicate with each other in the wild. Elephants mate to reproduce and the gestation period is approximately 22 months. The weight of a baby elephant at birth is anywhere from 175 to 250 pounds. Baby elephants are known as calves.

Adaptations

Elephants have many special adaptations that help them to survive in the wild. The tusks are used for eating and for weapons. The structure of the teeth is important for being able to eat the large quantities of vegetation that elephants ingest each day. The trunk is a recognizable feature used for eating, bathing, and communicating with other elephants. The ears of African elephants are specialized for both hearing and cooling the body. Elephants have excellent hearing abilities that help them to stay safe. Their ears also act as cooling fans when it becomes very hot. Elephants cool themselves by flapping these ears, cooling off the blood in this area of the body.
African elephants are well-known as zoo and circus animals, but they are also wild animals. If you have the opportunity to see an African elephant up close, you'll recognize these physical features and better understand how elephants adapt to and survive in their natural environment.

The African Elephant
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The Effect of Deforestation

Deforestation is the process of converting forested lands into non-forest sites that are ideal for crop raising, urbanization and industrialization. Because deforestation is a serious concept, there are also serious effects to the surroundings.

Effects of deforestation can be classified and grouped into effects to biodiversity, environment and social settings. Because deforestation basically involves killing trees in forests, there are so many effects that can be enumerated as results of the activity.

When forests are killed, nature basically requires people to renew the forest. Reforestation is one concept that is in the opposite direction as deforestation, but is proven to be a much harder effort than deforestation.

The Effect of Deforestation

So the rate of deforestation has not been offset by the rate of reforestation. Thus, the world is now in a troubled state when it comes to issues concerning the environment.

Pollution is rapidly growing along with population. Forests are greatly helping reduce the amount of pollutants in the air. So, the depletion of these groups of trees is greatly increasing the risk that carbon monoxide would reach the atmosphere and result in the depletion of the ozone layer, which in turn results to global warming.

Environment change

One major effect of deforestation is climate change. Changes to the surroundings done by deforestation work in many ways. One, there is abrupt change in temperatures in the nearby areas. Forests naturally cool down because they help retain moisture in the air.

Second is the long process of global climate change. As mentioned above, deforestation has been found to contribute to global warming or that process when climates around the world become warmer as more harmful rays of the sun comes in through the atmosphere.

The ozone layer is a mass of oxygen or O3 atoms that serves as shield in the atmosphere against the harmful ultraviolet rays from the sun. Because ozone is made up of oxygen atoms, oxygen react with carbon monoxide. Such reaction would use up oxygen atoms.

It follows that when there are more carbon monoxide atoms going to the atmosphere, the volume of oxygen would decline. Such is the case of ozone depletion.

The third effect to the environment would be on the water table underneath the ground. Water table is the common source of natural drinking water by people living around forests.

Water table is replenishing. That means, the supply of water underground could also dry up if not replenished regularly. When there is rain, forests hold much of the rainfall to the soil through their roots.

Thus, water sinks in deeper to the ground, and eventually replenishing the supply of water in the water table. Now, imagine what happens when there is not enough forests anymore. Water from rain would simply flow through the soil surface and not be retained by the soil.

Or other than that, the water from rain would not stay in the soil longer, for the process of evaporation would immediately set in. Thus, the water table is not replenished, leading to drying up of wells.

Effect to biodiversity

Forests are natural habitats to many types of animals and organisms. That is why, when there is deforestation, many animals are left without shelters. Those that manage to go through the flat lands and residential sites are then killed by people.

Through the years, it is estimated that there are millions of plant and extinct animal species that have been wiped out because they have been deprived of home. Thus, biodiversity is significantly lowered because of the savage deforestation practices of some people.

Wildlife advocates have been constantly reminding that several wild animals left in the world could still be saved if deforested forests would only be reforested and the practice of slash and burn of forests would be totally abandoned.

Social effects of deforestation

Deforestation is hardly hitting the living conditions of indigenous people who consider forests as their primary habitats. Imagine how they are rendered homeless when forests are depleted. These natives would be forced to live elsewhere, and are usually left to becoming mendicants in rural and urban areas.

Overall, effects of deforestation cannot be offset by the contribution of the practice to development. While it is logical that progress is very much needed by mankind, it must also be noted that nature knows no defeat. Destruct it and it would certainly retaliate, one way or another.

The Effect of Deforestation
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2012 Will Be The Year Civilization Changes Forever

THE CULMINATION

[This article was first published Dec. 14, 2007. It was last updated Oct. 15, 2011. Updates are often, but not always, in brackets.]

The year 2012 marks the time that the world's old civilization will culminate. This is not to say that the world will be annihilated because the world will go on. In 2012, we will see a dramatic increase in the direct intervention of Jesus Christ as He begins to take control of governments of the world, beginning with the Government of the United States, the Parliament of Great Britain and the Government of the European Community. After Jesus unites His Western forces, He will rally them to destroy end-time Babylon and the Beast who rules over Babylon. Simultaneously, Jesus will use His Two Witnesses to unmask the Beast in front of the world audience. This act will provoke the Beast to murder the Two Witnesses of Jesus in front of a world audience.

2012 Will Be The Year Civilization Changes Forever

In 2012, many Old Testament personages, including Jesus Christ, will continue their ministries in the bodies of the Two Witnesses of Jesus. The resurrected ministries of prophets will proceed to their culminations. I am speaking metaphorically.

We will see a continuation of the end-time ministries of John the Revelator, Daniel, and Elijah. Those men were to stand up again at the end of time. They will stand up in the bodies of the Two Witnesses of Jesus. Those prophets of old will be embodied in the Two Witnesses of God.

666- DEFEAT OF THE BEAST

The year 2012 marks the time that Jesus directly intervenes to control affairs in the United States and Britain in order to thwart an upcoming Marxist/corporate dictatorship that would have succeeded by 2016.

[Update: A judgment period of 9 years after 2012 will lead up to the destruction of the Beast and Babylon. (The number 9 has Gematriatic meaning of "judgment.") The last 7 years (2015-2021) in this judgment period are the years of the "Great Tribulation." The number 7 has Gematriatic meaning of "complete." Judgment Day would follow in the year 2021 AD. In 2022 AD, Western forces will execute complete judgment on end-time Babylon.]

When the Beast and those who believe in the bestial way of life, murder God's Two Witnesses, the bestial world will culminate. The Old World of bestial conduct will soon after be annihilated.

The great turnaround of 2012 is associated with the 2012 Diamond Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth. This could be understood in the way that prisms and camera lenses work. When the world is focused into a camera lens, it is reduced to nothing. But, out of the other side of the lens the world is projected upside down.

Actually, our present world is upside down. The world that comes after 2012 will be right side up because the Beast and the bestial way of life will be identified. As a result, the world would be determined to destroy of the Beast and Babylon. The world would finally get the picture in a metaphoric sense.

DIAMOND OF QUEEN ELIZABETH

Queen Elizabeth's diamond in 2012 is such a prism. That was why Freemasons honored her Diamond Jubilee. The Washington Monument was built, in part, as a prophecy of her 2012 Diamond Jubilee. The aluminum cap on the monument represents Queen Elizabeth's diamond.

Freemasons expressed their prophecies in a calendar. On their calendar, Masons drew a diamond that identified the year of Queen Elizabeth's Diamond Jubilee. Bear in mind that this calendar is 200 years old and probably thousands of years old.

THE GAP

There is a gap between our present world and the New World. This gap represents the 3 days that the Two Witnesses of Jesus would lie dead in the streets. The Two Witnesses of God will stand in the gap between the wrath of God and the world.

RESURRECTION OF TWO WITNESSES

After three days, God's Two Witnesses will be sparked back to life. They will stand up and shock the world. These two individuals will be the first people to enter into the new world that God is creating. They are the new Adam and Eve, and those who follow them are their spiritual children.

NEW ADAM & EVE

6,000 years prior to these end-time events, the first Adam and Eve had been created. The difference between the first Adam and Eve and the Adam and Eve of our time is that our Adam and Eve will reject the Beast. In the Garden of Eden, the first Adam and Eve submitted to the Beast, whose imposing reptilian body was genetically re-engineered by God to have the form of a lowly dirt-eating snake. The world suffered 6,000 years as a result of the choice of the first Adam and Eve to follow the Beast. Our Two Witnesses will be murdered because they will NOT submit to the Beast in the tree of Babylonian civilization.

You are probably thinking that God's Two Witnesses are men. This is correct in the sense that they complete the prophetic works of the two prophets, Daniel and John. Remember that God told both those men that they would return to do their work in the end-time? Metaphorically speaking, those two prophets have returned as God's Two Witnesses.

THE FEMALE LAMB OF PENTECOST

The Two Witnesses of God had been prophesied by animal sacrifices. On the Day of Pentecost, two unblemished lambs were sacrificed. Unlike those male animals that represented Jesus Christ, the lambs of Pentecost were either gender, male or female.

People have had a hard time with the sacrifice of a female animal because they assume that every sacrifice represented the male Jesus Christ. They had no way of knowing that Old Testament Israelites had been acting out the end-time sacrifice, by the Church, of one of God's Two Witnesses who would be the mother of God's new world. That lamb would be female. It will be the Church that sacrifices/murders the Two Lambs of God. That is why the female lamb was sacrificed on the Day of Pentecost. Pentecost was the day that the Christian Church was created on.

However, a male lamb could be sacrificed for this lady because she represents a male prophet. This understanding could have been why Leonardo da Vinci portrayed John the Revelator as a woman in his mysterious painting of the Last Supper. Leonardo understood that John's end-time counterpart would be an end-time Eve, one of God's Two Witnesses and a female lamb of God.

21-YEAR MINISTRIES

You might ask why you have never heard about God's Two Witnesses. The answer is that they have been ignored since 1991, when they began their 21-year ministry.

You remember that Elijah was taken to Heaven after he completed his ministry. The ministry of Jesus ended in the midst of a week. However, Jesus would return through His Two Witnesses in order to complete that week. Likewise, Elijah would return. Jesus would complete His week as a prophetic week, which became a span of 7 years rather than 7 days. Jesus would complete the remaining 1260 days of that week of years through His Two Witnesses.

God's Two Witnesses would also do a 21-year ministry, which would normally end in 2012 AD when they would be age 66 (Jesus was age 33). However, Jesus would use them to CONTINUE His work, and the work of Elijah, through His Two Witnesses.

Elijah had worked to overthrown evil Ahab and an evil son of Ahab. We could identify Ahab and his treacherous wife, Jezebel, with our present-day national leaders. The similarity is obvious.

AGES 33 & 66

God's Two Witnesses have a ministry that is similar to the ministries of Elijah and Jesus, because they are part of the work of end-time Elijah (God works through more than one person in order to do the end-time work of Elijah). Normally, God's Two Witnesses would be murdered at age 66, after 21 years of doing their Father's business. That would be because Jesus was murdered at age 33, after His 21-year ministry. Similarly, Elijah went to Heaven after his ministry. However, Jesus will have CONTINUED His ministry, and the ministry of Elijah, through His Two Witnesses. In a sense, Jesus and Elijah would continue where they left off.

Here is the concept: Jesus who went to Heaven at age 33. His end-time work would return through His Two Witnesses when they reached age 33. Jesus then raised them during the following 33 years, until His Two Witnesses would be age 66 in 2012 AD.

In 2012 AD, Jesus would repeat His ministry through them. In time, Jesus would be executed a second time when the Church executes His Two Witnesses.

The ministry of the prophet Elisha followed the ministry of the prophet Elijah. Jesus would do an end-time work of Elisha after He did an end-time work of Elijah.

The end-time ministry of Elisha would coincide with the 70th week of years that Daniel referred to. That week of years would be the Great Tribulation, 2015 to 2021 AD. Jesus would complete the Great Tribulation as an end-time Elisha.

The last 1260 days of the lives of God's Two Witnesses would be increasingly intense and their work would culminate with their executions by the Beast who ascends out of the Bottomless Pit of political obscurity.

THE SECOND EXECUTION OF JESUS

It is IMPOSSIBLE for Christians who reject the Two Witnesses of Jesus to receive eternal life, because they will have crucified Jesus a second time. Notice that this warning is in Hebrew 6:6, which has verse numbers of 66. These numbers refer to people who follow the Beast. Those Church members who follow the Beast, rather than the Two Witnesses of Jesus, have fallen away, and have crucified Jesus a second time. They may not crucify Jesus a second time and expect to receive eternal life.

(Hebrew 6:6)... them who have fallen away, it is impossible to renew them again to repentance, since they again crucify to themselves the Son of God and put Him to open shame.

Everyone in the world hated Jesus. He had no allies. His friends deserted Him. The religious establishment hated Him more others because He threatened their income and glory.

The ministry of God's Two Witnesses is described in Revelation 11 as a repetition of the ministry of Jesus Christ in some ways. We would rightly assume that the world establishment would also hate the Two Witnesses of Jesus- and for the same reasons that it hated Jesus.

You might ask why the religious establishment is not carefully listening for God's Two Witnesses. The truth is that it has no desire to meet God's Two Witnesses. YOUR religious leader absolutely does not want anything to do with Jesus and His Two Witnesses. Lukewarm religious leaders of the end time are using religion for their financial and egotistical benefits- just as Jesus said that they would be.

Jesus prophesied this very situation in parable. For example, Jesus said that religious leaders would be abusing the children of God. Abuse and exploitation is commonplace today. The homeless live in cardboard boxes outside the mansion gates of millionaire ministers. Poor believers struggle to support the comfortable lifestyles of Church leaders with tithes and offerings that would otherwise pay their bills and feed their children.

In His Book of Revelation, Jesus describes the Whore of Babylon who drinks the lifeblood of the saints out of a Communion cup. This is an apt description of modern-day Televangelists and other millionaire Church leaders. Instead of serving the children of God, ministers have the children of God serving them. This is the opposite of the example that was set by Jesus and His Apostles.

Jesus said in parable that ministers would be so busy with their religious businesses (bringing in money); they would reject Christ's invitation to His Wedding Feast. Many ministers are millionaires and/or wealthy nowadays. The last thing they want is to be Christ-like because they would need to give up their empires.

Too many ministers live lifestyles that are completely against the teachings of Jesus. It is all too obvious why most religious leaders of today do not want Jesus to actually return. It is all too obvious why lukewarm Laodicean ministers intentionally divert the attention of their lukewarm followers away from God's Two Witnesses, who, in stark contrast, are dressed in the sackcloth of poverty and humility.

TEMPLE AGAIN DESTROYED

At the time that Jesus came to earth as a human 2,000 years ago; the religious establishment believed that it was to be made into a great kingdom. People of God wanted to be greater than people of the Roman Empire were (talk about class envy). Jesus said that they would not be made into the rich and egotistical kingdom that they desired. So, the Church denounced Jesus as an imposter and murdered Him.

Today, the Church wants to be made into the Kingdom of God. Christians want to be raptured to positions of wealth and power so that they can lord over others. Like Jesus, God's Two Witnesses will tell them they will not be in God's Kingdom. Predictably, the Church will denounce them as imposters and murder them. We read in Scripture that God will retaliate against the lukewarm Church, just as He retaliated against the Temple in 70 AD by sending red Roman armies to destroy it. (In the time of Jesus, Babylon was the Roman Empire.)

Jesus wept because He foresaw that red Roman armies would destroy the Temple because it rejected Him. Likewise, God's Two Witnesses are distressed to foresee that Red armies will destroy the Church because it will have reject them and their life-saving warning about the worship of the Beast. Their profound message is that no Christian who follows the Beast, or is predatorial like beasts are, will receive eternal life. God would destroy those incorrigible members of the Church, just as He had destroyed those incorrigible members of the Temple. Predictably, death awaits predatorial religious leaders and their followers if they no not heed this end-time warning from God through His Two Witnesses.

YOUR ETERNAL LIFE OR ETERNAL DEATH?

The main importance of 2012 as far as you are concerned is that you could begin your 9-year journey to the Rapture.

God's Two Witnesses have information that could lead to your eternal life. It is the identity and basic character of the Beast. They know his identity because they identified his Mark. The Mark is not 666. God has used 666 as a diversion and a way to seal unwanted people out of understanding. God does not want incorrigible sinners to cheat during their 9-year judgment, 2012 to 2021.

If you humble yourself to learn the identity of the Beast, you could examine his personality, character and behavior. You could compare yourself to him. If you found a match, then you would realize that you would need to change in order to be ready for Judgment Day.

Do not despair because everybody has a match. Your Bible says that, the whole world follows the Beast. However, you may not continue to follow the Beast.

DO YOU WORSHIP THE BEAST?

Yes, you presently follow the Beast, just as Jesus said. However, you could make changes by repenting and altering your mindset and behavior. The first word out of the mouths of men who preached the gospel was REPENT. You must measure yourself against the Beast and make the necessary changes.

In order to assure your success, you need to receive the Spirit of God through baptism. On your own, you cannot change from your bestial state. It is impossible. Only the Holy Spirit can convert you into the Godly state.

After you make the necessary changes, you would no longer follow the Beast. You would be headed toward eternal life as either a resurrected person or a raptured person at the return of Jesus in 2022 AD.

In summation, the year 2012 is the most important year in your life if you desire to have eternal life. If you do not, then it is just another year. Oblivion awaits you at death.

UNSEALED BIBLE PROPHECY IS THE GOLDEN OIL

If you want to stop following the Beast, learn his identity so that you can begin the process of change that leads to eternal life.

In our featured book, there is research that will identify the Beast. It will take you back through 2,000 years of Bible translation history in order to re-discover the original Mark of the Beast. This is the oil of the Two Olive Trees, which true Church leaders are destined to use to enlighten the way to eternal life.

You will reconstruct the Mark of the Beast as you go back through English, Greek and Aramaic. Then you will see the original Mark and the original words that John used to describe the Mark. Those words are not the current words in the King James Bible. And, the Mark was not 666.

Why is it that none have done this before? Simply stated, most people are lazy. There have been very few people who intensely study the Bible as independent researchers. Rather than study, they made up theories about he Beast that are diversionary.

After you learn what the Mark of the Beast is, you will advance through Daniel and Revelation and understand verses of prophecy for the first time. If you do not first learn the identity of the original and real Mark of the Beast, this would be impossible.

COME OUT OF BABYLON NOW!

Daniel and John wrote complementary versions of world history. Their accounts show how the world is like a tree. That tree is Babylon. The whole world has been part of Babylonian culture. Dictatorship is the primary characteristic of Babylon.

God intervened twice in world civilization to set up an alternative to Babylonian culture. The first intervention was at the time of Moses. Through Moses, God set up the Israelite nation with a libertarian form of government. The second and most important intervention by God was the founding of the representative government of the United States. It was originally libertarian.

God is now taking total control of the world through the export of representative governance from the United States and other representative nations. Europe and the USA make up His base of operation.

DEFEAT OF BABYLON

The Battle of Armageddon is the final crushing defeat of Babylonian culture. God will use the military might of Western nations to annihilate the last vestiges of Babylon, including communist and terrorist nations. Some Muslim nations will be severely reduced in population because they have remained dictatorial in government and religion. They hold on to their Babylonian past.

Red China would ultimately be defeated. Marxists in the old Soviet Union will lead their people and their allies to a disastrous confrontation with Europe and the USA. Needless to say, God is on the side of representative government.

On a personal level, God is against individuals who are dictatorial in character. So a weeding process will occur whereby angels will seek out such individuals for death. Remember the parable of the tares. There will be no place for weeds to hide.

Our featured book could allow you to see things in the Bible that you would not see through any other book.

YOUR OPENED EYES

In your Bible, you will be able to identify Bush I, Clinton, Bush II, Saddam Hussein, Milosevic, Tony Blair, Margaret Thatcher, Gorbachev, Schwarzkopf and other world leaders. You will be able to see events that include the Persian wars and Armageddon. With prophecy calendars, you will be able to see the years that these events were scheduled to occur in.

You could also learn personal information about God's Two Witnesses, which includes the day that Gabriel first visited them in 1991. Gabriel describes the merciless beatings that Satan has given them in his attempt to prevent their upcoming ministry.

Forefather prophecy calendars are natural complements to our books about God's Two Witnesses. Our calendars give dates, while our books tell you what will happen and why it will happen.

GOD & YOU- INTIMATE FRIENDS

The why part is an examination of the very heart and mind of God Himself. You could have a very personal understanding of God, whom you are a replicate of. You could know how the brain of God works. You could know how the emotions of God work. If you need a father figure, why not take on the attributes of God the Father?

WHEN WILL ARMAGEDDON HAPPEN?

After you learn what and why of 6,000 years of world civilization, you will need to know when end-time events will occur. This is the value of our prophecy calendars. They give dates. You do not want to be in a city that has ICBM's aimed at it.

I hope this article has given you a panoramic view of end-time years that includes the year 2012. I hope that you see the spiritual significance of upcoming events that have been prophesied for thousands of years.

2012 Will Be The Year Civilization Changes Forever
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History of the Media, Radio, and Television

When were the forms of media created? When did advertising first show up? Who owns the media?

Creation of the various forms of media

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History of the Media, Radio, and Television

Newspapers & Magazines ~ 1880

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Movies ~ 1910

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Television ~ 1945

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Cable Television ~ 1980's

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Satellite Television, Internet, Digital Communication ~ End of the 20th century

In 1920, radio was first developed, primarily for use by the military, strictly for sendingHistory of the Media - Old Radios messages from one location to another. David Sternoff, the then-president of RCA, first had the idea to sell radio sets to consumers, or what were then called radio receivers. However, consumers needed a reason to buy radios, so RCA was the first to set up radio stations all over the country. Between 1920 and 1922, 400 radio stations were set up, starting with KBKA in Pittsburgh. Stations were also set up by universities, newspapers, police departments, hotels, and labor unions.

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By 1923, there were 600 radio stations across the United States, and million worth of sets had been sold.

The biggest difference in radio before and after 1923 was that the first advertising was not heard on the radio until 1923. RCA at the time was made up of four companies:

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AT&T

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General Electric

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United Fruit

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Westinghouse

United Fruit was one of the first global corporations, and one of the first to advertise on the radio. The AT&T division of RCA first thought about selling time on the air to companies, which marked the start of "toll broadcasting." WEAF was the first station to operate this way, causing widespread outrage, and accusation of "polluting the airwaves."

Because of this controversy, the practice of selling advertising time was called "trade name publicity." Sponsors linked their name with a program on the air, rather than advertising a specific product in a 30 second "commercial" as we know it today.

Why did AT&T decide to experiment with charging companies for air time?

AT&T was not making any money from broadcasting at the time since they only made transmitters, not receivers. They only made money when new radio stations bought the equipment required to broadcast. They did not make money from consumers buying radios.

AT&T also started the practice of paying performers for their time on the air, rather than only volunteers, which was standard practice for radio content up until that point.

The first radio network

In 1926, RCA set up the first radio network, NBC. They decided it was more effective and efficient to produce shows in New York City, and then link the main radio station with stations all across the country, connected by AT&T (another RCA company) phone lines. (Now television networks are linked by satellite to their affiliates).

This was the beginning of the network affiliates system. The ideal network makes sure everyone in the country is capable of listening to their signal. NBC at the time had two philosophies:

*

Radio content was a "public service," whose function was to sell radios.

*

Radio content was designed to generate income from advertising.

History of the Media In 1927, the second network was formed. It was CBS, started by William Paley. Paley was the first to think that networks could make money strictly from advertising, not even getting involved in the sales of radios. Like AT&T, CBS did not make radios. From the start, they made their money from selling advertising.

The rising of radio networks caused the Radio Act of 1927 to be passed, which established the FRC, or what is now known as the FCC, to allocate broadcast licenses. The need for such an organization was brought on by the fact that airwaves are limited resources, and broadcasting itself is a scarce public resource. By the 1930's, the structure of radio have been set by the commercial format, although advertising never dominated radio like it would television later on.

In the 1920's and '30's, radio programs were divided into two groups. Sponsored shows, which had advertisers, and unsponsored shows, which did not. The radio station paid for the unsponsored shows. The sponsored shows, on the other hand, were created entirely by the company sponsoring the show; advertisers were totally in charge of the radio station's content. The content became advertising. Radio set the precedent for television, in that the same companies that controlled radio early on went on to control television.

Soon thereafter, television inherited the structure of radio. In the '40's, during the rise of television, RCA also held a monopoly on all television sets sold. By 1945-1955, advertising had taken over all of television. Television was organized around the premise of selling things. The entire television industry was creating a political atmosphere of suspicion and fear. Senator Joseph McCarthy, the founder of McCarthyism, which was based on the fear of Communism, and the HUAC (House Un-American Activities Committee, began to question people involved in television about their beliefs and associations.

What affected television in its early stages?

*

Politics (McCarthyism / HUAC).

*

Blacklists: From almost the inception of television, many writers, directors, and actors were considered to be pro-Communist and/or un-American.

Certain topics were totally off-limits at the time for television, particularly issues of race relations in the 1960's. Overall, networks were not happy with the political situation for television in the 1960's, both in terms of the blacklists, and of the fact that when every show had one sponsor, that sponsor controlled the entire program. Networks preferred to control the program, by way of moving to multiple sponsors/advertisers, where networks would retain control of the show, and advertisers would buy time in between the programming.

In the 1950's, networks decided to eliminate the practice of sponsors controlling the shows with a move to spot selling, or advertisements between programs, as we know it today. What caused the move to spot selling?

1.

Discovery of fraud in the quiz shows on television. Quiz shows were extremely popular at the time, and were liked by the networks, the sponsors, and the viewers alike. It turned out, however, that quiz shows were largely fixed. Charles Van Doren on "21" became a huge star due to his repeated wins, until it came out that the whole thing had been fixed. In the case of "The ,000 Question," the owner of Revlon was personally hand-selecting the winners and losers on the show.

2.

It was becoming financially difficult for just one advertiser to support an entire show.

Around this same time came the inception of ratings to measure a show's popularity. Ratings, quite simply, measure the number of people watching a show. To understand why ratings are so important, it's crucial to understand how the television industry works, through three questions, and their respective answers:

1.

Who owns television? [The networks]

2.

What is sold on television? [Viewer's time, not television shows]

3.

Who are the customers of television? [Advertisers, not viewers]

This might be a counterintuitive concept for some. The networks, which own television, areHistory of the Media - Old Television the buyers of shows, not the sellers. On the other hand, they sell our eyeballs, so to speak, to advertisers. Networks want the maximum possible profit from buying and selling time, both viewers' time, and advertisers' time.

The primary measure of television ratings, which determine the price of that time being bought and sold, is AC Nielsen, an independent company which provides information as to who watches what on television. Currently, about 4,000 households are used to represent the national viewing of television. In the 1980's, only 1,200 households were used. Some households have an electronic device installed on their television which tracks what they watch, while others keep a diary of viewing habits.

There are two measures for determining a show's audience. One is the rating, and the other is the share.

*

Rating: Percentage of total homes with televisions tuned into a particular show.

*

Share: Percentage of those watching television at a particular time who are tuned into a particular show.

The share is always greater than the rating. Ratings are more important for advertisers, and share is more important to the networks.

Example:

*

Total households with televisions: 150 million

*

Total households watching television at 8pm on Monday nights: 90 million

*

Total households watching American Idol at 8pm on Monday nights: 45 million

*

Therefore: Rating: 30, Share: 50

It's important to note how many factors can skew the results. Shows cost producers much more than the networks typically pay them for those shows. The way for producers to make money is by getting the networks to renew the show, in order to have a shot at making money from syndication on other channels, also knows as reruns. That is the case when individual stations (say for example, the Miami affiliate of ABC wants to carry Seinfeld), buy the rights to a show from the producers of that show. Shows that last only one season, for the most part, lose millions of dollars. One of the most important factors in whether shows will be renewed or not is their rating.

This brings us to how ratings can be skewed. For example, if a show has a 20 share, and it needs a 25 share to be renewed for another season, what might the producers do? In principle, they need to convince another 5% of the people watching television when their show is on to watch their show; this is no simple task, as that involves convincing millions of people. However, since the ratings are based on those 4,000 Nielsen households, that means that they could convince just 200 Nielsen households to watch their show, which would increase the share from 20 to 25. This is why Nielsen households must be kept totally secret from the networks. When the Nielsen households have leaked to the networks, one way which they got people to watch their show was by offering viewers a small sum of money for filling out a survey about a commercial which they were told would play only during a particular show. Since they had to watch that channel while their show was on, this would boost the share.

Once ratings are determined, advertising prices are set by two factors:

* The size of the audience.

* The demographics (income, age, gender, occupation, etc) of the audience.

In short, the job of television programs is to collect our time as a product, which they then sell to advertisers. Programs have to support the advertising, delivering viewers in the best possible state of mind for buying when the time for the commercials comes, which brings us to the Golden Age of Television.

The 1950's are considered the "Golden Age of Television." During this time, something called the "Anthology Series," where different actors each week took part in a show gained History of the Media - I Love Lucypopularity across the board...that is, with everyone except for advertisers. The anthology series format was not right for advertisers, as it covered topics which involved psychological confrontations which did not leave the viewers in the proper state of mind for buying the products shown to them between program segments. The subject matter of the anthology series was of the type that undermined the ads, almost making them seem fraudulent.

This brought up the question of what to network executives actually want shows to do? The answer is not to watch a program that makes them feel good, makes them laugh, or excites them, but rather to watch the television for a set amount of time. With so many new shows being proposed, standards began to be intentionally, or unintentionally, laid out for what shows could and couldn't do. Risks could only be taken at the beginning and/or end of shows. Laugh tracks were conceived to tell the audience when to laugh. Programs began being tested with audiences prior to being put on television and/or radio. Show writers now had to write shows that would test well.

Naturally, this caused many of the same elements and themes to appear in all shows. This was the beginning of recombinant television culture, where the same elements are endlessly repeated, recombined, and mixed.

This same culture is what perpetuated the idea that people watch television, not specific shows. While people certainly choose to watch certain shows instead of others, people less commonly choose to watch television instead of other things. People watch television. Regardless of what was on, television viewing rates were extremely stable.

History of the Media, Radio, and Television
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David Pakman is editor/adminstrator of politics and media website Hear the Issues ([http://www.heartheissues.com]), a website frequented and praised by many mainstream journalist and pundits.

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Rules and Society

Most folks agree that we need rules in society to protect people and keep everyone on the same page. For instance, we all agree to stop at stop signs because, if everyone does it, no one gets hurt and everyone knows what to expect, this provides safety to us all. But, what about all the other laws, many are completely arbitrary. Well, we need to ask a few questions when determining if a law, or rule is a good one and if it is not.

Why was the rule created in the first place (the real reason, not always the most obvious).
Who created the rule and what gain did they have in seeing it created?

The way I see it, our society thinks it makes laws and rules, when in reality those in control make the rules or manipulate them, the same way a caveman goes about their daily grind of getting what they want. Most laws are made, or re-worked in order to control.

Rules and Society

Humans love to control things, and as soon as one group gets in charge, another tries to unseat their authority, so they can then lead. Humans are funny, lots of sound and fury, chaos and controversy over nothing, so much they never get much done or advance very quickly, with governments to match, a silly bunch of nonsense at times. You have to laugh.

Suffice it to say, if you deny human nature and sweep it under the carpet, it will bite you in the ass at some point when you walk over it. Another reason, I'll never admit to being human. Nevertheless, we must challenge the authority, laws, and the rule makers and dig a little deeper as to their origins, potential gain, and why they are enacted, or elected.

Most rules really are not made to protect us or help us, but rather to control us and deliver more power to those who are busy scheming the next set of laws to enact. Please consider all this.

Rules and Society
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Lance Winslow - Lance Winslow's Bio. Lance Winslow is also Founder of the Car Wash Guys, a cool little Franchise Company; http://www.carwashguys.com/history/founder.html/.

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